The Affirmative Litigation Division represents the City as plaintiff. The Division litigates a wide range of issues in federal and state court and before administrative agencies, and advises City agencies on a wide range of topics. Subject areas include commercial disputes; hazardous product claims; civil racketeering and fraud claims; nuisance and restitution claims; antitrust claims; intellectual property claims; and challenges to state and federal government decisions affecting funding for public benefit programs and education.