How long has the CCRB been in existence? Are you part of the New York City Police Department?
How many complaints are filed each year?
What types of complaints do you investigate? Do you investigate corruption charges?
Of the complaints filed, how many allege the use of force?
Who conducts the investigations and what kind of training do they receive?
Who sits on the board?
What is the agency's budget?
What are the possible outcomes of my allegations?
What does it take to substantiate a case?
What percentage of complaints are substantiated?
Does the CCRB discipline officers?
How many officers has the police commissioner disciplined as a result of CCRB investigations?
Do complaints remain on an officer's record?
What if the police officer retaliates against me?
What is the racial breakdown of complainants? Of officers?
If I am in custody, do I have the right to file a complaint?
Can I file a complaint without the officer's name and badge number? What information do you need to file a complaint?
How long does it take to conduct an investigation?
Are there civilian oversight agencies in other cities?

Q. How long has the CCRB been in existence? Are you part of the New York City Police Department?
A. The CCRB was established in 1993 as an agency independent of the police. Refer to the History of the CCRB page for further information.
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Q. How many complaints are filed each year?
A. In 2006, 7,669 complaints were filed with the CCRB. The complaint rate has been steadily increasing since 2001, when the agency received 4,251 complaints.
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Q. What types of complaints do you investigate? Do you investigate corruption charges?
A. The CCRB investigates complaints of excessive or unnecessary use of force, abuse of authority, discourtesy, and offensive language. The CCRB refers complaints about corruption or neglect of duty to the New York City Police Department.
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Q. Of the complaints filed, how many allege the use of force?
A. In 2006, 54% of the 7,669 complaints filed with the CCRB contained one or more allegations that officers used unnecessary or excessive force. Force allegations constituted 30% of all allegations filed last year, abuse of authority allegations constituted 52%, discourtesy allegations made up 15%, and offensive language 3%.
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Q. Who conducts the investigations and what kind of training do they receive?
A. Investigations are conducted by civilian investigators. New investigators take part in an intensive three-week training course that focuses on the CCRB's jurisdiction and rules, interviewing techniques, methods for acquiring documentary evidence, structure of the police department, and patrol guide procedures. They also receive instruction on legal principles governing the use of force, search and seizure, and discourtesy. During this training, team managers lead seminars that include investigation simulations that offer opportunities for new investigators to critique and improve each other's investigative and interviewing skills. In addition to field training, investigators are also required to complete a two-day Police Academy training class, participate in the police department's "ride-along" program, and visit the NYPD's outdoor range, where tactical field actions are explained and demonstrated. In 2006, eight investigators also took part in a two-week training course for recent IAB recruits offered by the Internal Affairs Bureau's Office of Professional Development.

Following their three-week orientation training, investigators are assigned to work under the direction of managers, who have at least 10 years of investigative experience gained through work in organizations such as the Internal Revenue Service Criminal Investigative Division, the United States Postal Inspection Service, the Immigration and Naturalization Service, the New York City Transit Police Department, and the CCRB itself. The CCRB currently has on staff more than 140 investigators.
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Q. Who sits on the board?
A. The board is made up of thirteen members of the public. Five members, one from each of the five boroughs, are designated by the city council, three members with law enforcement experience are designated by the police commissioner, and the remaining five members are selected by the mayor. The mayor appoints all 13 members and selects the chair. The members must be residents of New York City and reflect the city's diversity. The board hires the executive director, holds monthly public meetings, oversees agency operations through numerous committees, and sets policy. The board reviews all investigations and makes findings on every allegation raised by every complaint. For more information about the board, please see our "About the Board Members" page.
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Q. What is the agency's budget?
A. The CCRB’s adopted fiscal year 2007 budget is $10,379,510.
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Q. What are the possible outcomes of my allegations?
A. Dispositions are divided into two categories. The three dispositions "substantiated," "employee exonerated," and "unfounded" constitute "findings on the merits," because they reflect the CCRB's decision on the validity of the complaint. The dispositions "unsubstantiated," "officer unidentified," and "miscellaneous," by contrast, do not constitute "findings on the merits" since the allegations remain unresolved. For an explanation of each finding, please see the "Investigative Process" page.
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Q. What does it take to substantiate a case?
A. The CCRB uses the preponderance of evidence as the standard of proof to determine the outcome of an allegation. This means that the weight of credible evidence must demonstrate that the officer engaged in misconduct. Such evidence may include witness statements and/or medical records if injuries were sustained as a result of the incident.
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Q. What percentage of complaints are substantiated?
A. Over the last five years, the CCRB substantiated at least one allegation in 12% of its fully investigated complaints.
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Q. Does the CCRB discipline officers?
A. No. When the CCRB substantiates a complaint, it recommends disciplinary action to the police commissioner, who has the ultimate authority on whether or not to impose discipline. The disciplinary action can include verbal warnings, loss of vacation days, suspension and/or termination depending on the severity of the allegation.
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Q. How many officers has the police commissioner disciplined as a result of CCRB investigations?
A. From 2002 onward, the department has imposed some discipline in more than 70% of the substantiated cases forwarded by the CCRB.  Out of the cases forwarded in 2006, the NYPD has so far disciplined 95% of those it has completed; however, this rate is subject to change, since 66% of the cases the CCRB forwarded in 2006 remain open at the police department. Refer to our "Police Discipline" page for further information.
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Q. Do complaints remain on an officer's record?
A. Yes. All complaints, regardless of disposition, remain on an officer's CCRB history and are reported to the police department.
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Q. What if the police officer retaliates against me?
A. You should let the CCRB know immediately if an officer retaliates against you or threatens you after filing a CCRB complaint. Such conduct violates department regulations, and could subject an officer to disciplinary or criminal charges. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that "retaliation" rarely occurs.
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Q. What is the racial breakdown of victims? Of officers?
A. In 2006, the race of victims whose allegations the CCRB substantiated were as follows: 20% white, 53% black, 24% Latino, 2% Asian, and 3% "other." In comparison, the New York City population is 35% white, 25% black, 27% Latino, 10% Asian, and 4% "other." At the same time, 59% of police officers who had complaints substantiated against them were white, 15% black, 23% Latino, and 2% Asian. This is consistent with the overall demographics of the NYPD in 2006, which was 56% white, 16% black, 24% Latino, and 4% Asian.
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Q. If I am in custody, do I have the right to file a complaint?
A. Yes, civilians always have the right to file a complaint, whether or not they are presently incarcerated.
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Q. Can I file a complaint without the officer's name and badge number? What information do you need to file a complaint?
A. You can file a complaint with as little or as much information as you may have about an incident. More information is always helpful. The CCRB will ask for the date, time, location and a detailed description of the incident and of the officers involved. Other useful information includes: license plate numbers, an arrest number, a court docket number, and names and telephone numbers of witnesses. You do not need to know the name or badge number of the subject officer(s). The CCRB often receives complaints against unidentified officers and is usually able to identify them using police documents and other evidence. Keep in mind that in such cases, we will frequently have to reinterview you so that you can view officer photographs in order to assist with the identification process. But you do not need this information to file a complaint. Identifying the subject officer(s) is the investigator's job.
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Q. How long does it take to conduct an investigation?
A. The average time it takes to complete a full investigation is nine and one-half months. But this time varies according to the number of alleged victims, witnesses, and officers in your case. Throughout the investigation, your investigator will apprise you of the status of the case. Upon completion, the CCRB will notify you of its findings.
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Q. Are there civilian oversight agencies in other cities?
A. Yes, there are approximately 90 civilian oversight agencies around the country. These agencies take different forms and frequently have different jurisdictions and powers. The CCRB is the largest civilian oversight agency in the United States. Many of the larger cities such as Los Angeles, Boston, Atlanta, and Chicago do not have civilian oversight agencies that investigate complaints. In those cities, civilians have to file complaints with their police departments, which also investigate them.
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